Administrative Discretion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Administrative Discretion - Essay Example Since the public sector employees play a vital role in the economic growth of a nation, every nation normally formulates special policies for preserving the interests of public employees. However, it seems that various organizational practices and other developments impinge on the worksite interests of public employees. With intent to discuss the issue, this paper will cover the associated terms like administrative discretion, cyber security threats, and statutory protections for public employees. Administrative discretion In the legal context, the term discretion indicates the power to decide or act according to one’s own judgment. Some legal systems like US allow certain discretionary powers to administrative authorities. To illustrate, US law system has framed some broad limits within which an administrative authority can operate. For instance, a statute confers discretion if it is reasonable and is in public interest. To define, the administrative discretion is the experti se of professional expertise and judgment as opposed to strict adherence to regulations or statutes, in making a decision or performing official acts or duties (The Free Dictionary). In other words, when a legal system permits an administrative authority to practice discretion, it is called administrative discretion. ... Although, the law imposes certain regulations on the administrative authorities in exercising their discretionary powers, it is often seen that their functions are not in line with law requirements. To illustrate, majority of the authorized persons exercise their discretionary powers to safeguard their selfish interests rather than serving employees’ needs. Kannabiran (2009) points out The Air India v. Nergesh Meerza, A.I.R. (1981) S.C. 1829, a famous Indian case related to wrongful practice of administrative discretion. At the time of the case, an air hostess normal age of retirement was 35 years. However, a regulation of the corporation authorized the managing director to increase the air hostess retirement age up to 45 years. The regulation empowered the managing director to use the provision of discretion on the account of his personal opinion rather than recording specific reasons pertaining to the decision. The regulation lacked specific guidelines and it reflected biase d approach and discrimination in the practice of such discretion. In this case, the court held that it clearly indicated a situation of official arbitrariness. Public employees are often affected by the adverse exercise of administrative discretion authority as they are largely employed under administrative agencies. An authority gets the freedom to take action when it is conferred with discretionary power. However, the court can take decisions only in respect of legal validity of those taken actions. Therefore, this provision can be a serious threat to individual liberty especially, public employees’ liberty. Cyber security threats Hackers and spammers are the potential cyber security threats to public employees in this 21st century. In the opinion

The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism Research Proposal

The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism - Research Proposal Example In what ways has the internet changed the hospitality industry? 2. What does a consumer find when they search for information regarding their travel needs? 3. What are the methods used for the hospitality industry to connect with consumers? 4. What methods used by the hospitality industry might be considered unethical when dealing with consumers searching the internet? 5. What disadvantages can be found for the consumer as they use the internet as a means to book their travel? 6. What are the advantages of the internet as a consumer looks to book travel? By using these questions to frame the inquiry, this research project will be able to focus on the internet as a source of advertising for the hospitality industry and the effect that it has had on consumer travel practices. 1.3 Theoretical Foundation The study that is being proposed is a quantitative study that is based upon a survey instrument. Quantitative study often begins by wanting to test a conceptual model of the question. Th eory allows for predictions on which phenomena will manifest (Polit and Beck 2008, p. 57). This study predicts that the outcome to the study will suggest that internet marketing is an important part of hospitality industry advertising and that consumers have changed their travel practices as a result. The following hypotheses will frame the inquiry that is intended for this paper: Hypothesis 1: The internet has changed the way in which the hospitality industry markets to consumers. Alternative Hypothesis 1: The internet has had no effect on the way in which the hospitality industry markets to consumers. Hypothesis 2: Internet advertising has changed the way in which consumers plan for holidays and travel.... This "The Importance of Online Advertising to Hospitality and Tourism" essay describes the benefits which the Internet brought into the sphere of hospitality's advertisement. The hospitality industry, like most industries, has been impacted by the tools that the internet provides for advertising. Online capacities for the hospitality industry do not only include advertising, but the potential for transactions making travel a more accessible experience. Advertising is highly competitive on the internet with someone always coming up with new ways to attract the attention of an audience that is deluged with information all coming at them at once. The hospitality industry benefits from everything from data mining techniques to websites providing specific information. Without a web based presence it is unlikely that a hospitality industry entity would have success in this globalised and interconnected world. The research questions that have been defined for this study discuss the various stakeholders in the hospitality industry and the impact that the internet advertising potentials have had on travel. The first question asks about the changes that have been made in relationship to the hospitality industry through internet advertising and will be answered through statistical inquiry as well as anecdotal information on the topic. Secondary research will provide answers as to how the hospitality industry is currently using the internet for expanding their opportunities with consumers.